Tidal Notes and References

General Statistics

Global Tidal estimated at 2.7TW to 3TW


World Energy & Climate Statistics – Yearbook 2022

https://yearbook.enerdata.net/total-energy/world-consumption-statistics.html

https://www.enerdata.net/about-us/


World Consumption

Year 2022 approx 14,000Mtoe = 5.86e20J


Mtoe Wiki

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonne_of_oil_equivalent

1toe = 41.87 GJ

1toe = 11.63 MWh


Net electricity consumption worldwide in select years from 1980 to 2019

https://www.statista.com/statistics/280704/world-power-consumption/

https://www.statista.com/aboutus/


2020 approx 25K TWh = terawatt-hours = 9e19J


1 TWh = 1,000 GWh = 1,000,000 MWh = 1,000,000 000 kWh.

1 TWh = 3.6e15 J

1 TJ = 0.278 GWh.


Human Energy Consumption and the Anthropocene Epoch

https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-020-00029-y


General Information about Tidal Energy

Wiki on Tidal Power

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_power


Wiki on Tidal Force

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_force


NASA Moon and Tides - nice diagrams

https://moon.nasa.gov/moon-in-motion/tides/


National Ocean Service NOAA  - Tides and Water Levels

https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_tides/tides03_gravity.html


Freedom Sailing Scotland  - The gravitational pull of the moon

http://freedomsailingscotland.com/5c-the-gravitational-pull-of-the-moon/


Open University Tidal Energy

https://www.open.edu/openlearn/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=2347&printable=1


Lehigh University - Tidal Energy

https://ei.lehigh.edu/learners/energy/tidal1.html

https://ei.lehigh.edu/learners/energy/tidal2.html


Britannica - Tidal Power 2016

https://www.britannica.com/science/tidal-power 

https://eapsweb.mit.edu/people/selin

Noelle Eckley Selin author of article


Worldwide tidal 3TW

Annual tidal is therefore 31,536,000 times this as J or times 8760 as Wh.

Annual tidal is 94e6 TJ or  9.4e19J or 26K TWh

Typical coal fired unit 550MW

Global annual electricity consumption 21K TWh , now 25K TWh in 2020.

Tidal stream power estimated at 3.8K TWh per year

Worldwide wind 500GW

Tidal barrage potential 400GW


National Geographic  - General Information

https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/tidal-energy


Manoa Hawaii

https://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/physical/tides/tide-formation-and-gravitational-pull


SciJinks

https://scijinks.gov/tides/


Wiki on Amphidromic Points

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphidromic_point


Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia

https://www.weather.gov/jetstream/fundy_max



Tidal Power in the General Media

Sky News Tidal 2022

https://news.sky.com/story/strong-tides-along-uk-coast-could-create-electricity-for-less-than-cost-of-nuclear-12648308


CNBC on Orbital Marine Power O2 2MW 

https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/28/worlds-most-powerful-tidal-turbine-starts-to-export-power-to-grid-.html


Marine-i, funded by European Regional Development Fund, in turn funding Isles of Scilly Community Venture, 

Planet A Energy and Waves4Power 1 year research

https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/15/archipelago-to-explore-potential-of-wave-tidal-floating-wind-power.html


Port of London Authority Thames 

https://www.cnbc.com/2021/03/12/londons-river-thames-set-to-trial-new-tidal-energy-technologies.html


Simec AR500 10MW turbine installed off Naru in Goto chain in Japan

https://www.cnbc.com/2021/02/15/a-tidal-turbine-built-in-scotland-is-now-producing-power-in-japan.html


Simec Atlantis Energy Ltd. stock price

https://www.cnbc.com/quotes/SAE-GB/

An actual marine energy generator company selling shares.


Tidal Energy, Wench Chen Stanford Uni 2010

http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2010/ph240/chenw1/

Short article


Guardian Article 2018 

Does the Moon hold the key to the Earth’s energy needs?

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/jul/04/does-the-moon-hold-the-key-to-the-earths-energy-needs

Anglesey Minesto ÂŁ25M array for low tidal.

Ocean Energy Systems, 25 countries consortium.

0.75TW by 2050 approx twice current nuclear production.

Wind and Solar still only 10% of global electricity demand.


GE and EDF Sea Floor Tidal 2015

https://www.ge.com/news/reports/moon-power-is-here-first-subsea-tidal-power

General Electric designing and building a full scale turbine for EDF


Europa 2020

Tidal flows generate huge potential for clean electricity

https://ec.europa.eu/research-and-innovation/en/projects/success-stories/all/tidal-flows-generate-huge-potential-clean-electricity


International Energy Forum, 71 member countries

https://www.ief.org/news/tidal-power-is-finally-making-waves

UK has 10GW potential

Scotland has 5GW potential

European Marine Energy Centre in Scotland


Oxford Uni Report 2013

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspa.2013.0072

Pentland Firth 1.8GW potential, range  is 1.9 to 3.3GW

1kW/m2 with a range down to 1/3 of that with tides.


International Energy Authority

https://www.iea.org/reports/ocean-power

https://www.iea.org/reports/renewables-2020

Basic message that all who can should increase marine generation


Example of a Malaysian Study

https://www.matec-conferences.org/articles/matecconf/pdf/2016/01/matecconf_ses2016_02008.pdf

UK Resources

Canadian Approach

Market Snapshot: Canadian tidal power capacity fourth in the world, with potential to add up to 7 000 MW more

https://www.cer-rec.gc.ca/en/data-analysis/energy-markets/market-snapshots/2016/market-snapshot-canadian-tidal-power-capacity-fourth-in-world-with-potential-add-up-7-000-mw-more.html


Inventory of Canada's Marine Renewable Energy Resources

https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/www.nrcan.gc.ca/files/canmetenergy/files/pubs/CHC-TR-041.pdf


Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy

A review of tidal energy—Resource, feedbacks, and environmental interactions

https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/5.0069452


Improving assessments of tidal power potential using grid refinement in the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport model

https://aip.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/1.4926796


Marine renewables Canada

https://marinerenewables.ca/facts/tidal-energy/